#126 If you still charge for computer access, stop

Some libraries still have restrictive computer use policies in place from the days before smartphones and laptops were common, including charging users a fee to access computers. However, those same libraries almost universally offer free wi-fi. If your library is offering wi-fi to users for free but charging patrons to use library computers, you are essentially offering free internet access to everyone but the poorest residents in your community, since they are the ones who don’t have their own devices to bring to the library.

#125: Do a diversity audit (even a small one)

Lots of libraries are working on doing diversity audits of their collections. The American Library Association has a good starting point article here: https://www.alsc.ala.org/blog/2020/09/how-to-conduct-a-diversity-audit/. If a full collection audit isn’t feasible for you at the moment, do a scaled-down version in an area you can influence. Maybe it’s not collection items—maybe it’s who is featured on the flyers and marketing materials that your library has produced in the last three months, or what characters have been showcased in the last 10 storytime books you used, or what posters you have on the wall in your teen section. There is somewhere in your library where you can evaluate how you are doing on representation.

#124: Admit your own mistakes to your coworkers

If you’re reading this blog, you probably feel strongly about making the library welcoming and inclusive, and you’re probably an advocate for that with your coworkers. That’s vital and important, but be aware that it runs the risk of making you too intimidating to ask questions of. If people see you as ‘the person who always gets that PC stuff right',’ they may be afraid to admit things that they don’t understand or areas where they know they need help. When you goof up, mention it to your coworkers—”Hey, I had an embarrasing moment on the desk this morning. I was registering a new patron and called them ‘Sir.’ Turns out the patron is a woman and definitely prefers ‘Ma’am.’ I was just trying to be polite but I ended up making her feel bad during her very first interaction with the library, ugh. I forgot my own advice that you can totally convey respect to someone without using those gendered terms.”

Not only is discussing these mistakes a learning opportunity for them on its own, it also shows your coworkers that you won’t jump down their throats for asking a question that comes from a place of ignorance.

#123: Age-restricted zones are cool and all...

Many libraries have policies designating certain areas of the building as exclusively for children and caregivers or exclusively for teens. These policies can be useful in making the targeted groups feel welcome and safe in ‘their’ part of the library, but make sure staff handle other visitors sensibly and kindly. The 20-year-old autistic young man should be able to come look at junior nonfiction about trains without being chased off by overzealous staff, and the elderly English-as-a-second-language reader who isn’t quite proficient enough to read adult books in English should be able to browse the teen section for a book at her reading level without being interrogated about whether or not she has a teenage child at home.

#122 Include the right people in purchasing decisions

Many libraries write accessibility features into their specifications for purchasing new technologies or new services. For example, a library might want a fax/scan service with on-screen instructions available in three languages, or a self-checkout machine that can comfortably be used by someone in a wheelchair. Unfortunately, it’s very easy for vendors to include a feature that increases accessibility on paper but not in practice. If that fax/scan purchasing committee doesn’t include a staff member (or volunteer) who speaks Vietnamese, how will they discover that the ‘Vietnamese version’ presented by the vendor is simply the English version run ineffectually through Google Translate? If no one participating in the tour of other libraries’ self-check machines is actually in a wheelchair, how will the team realize that the add-on shelf that everyone recommends negates the ability of a wheelchair user to pull up close enough to the screen to touch it?

#121 Have a plan for divorced families

June is the season of summer reading, and also the season of both parents separately bringing a child into the library and wanting to get them a library card. Most libraries have a method for linking a single parent or guardian to a child’s card based on who signs for it, which is usually not a problem for families where two parents live together and communicate. However, this becomes a problem when Parent B visits the library with Kid, only to be told that Parent A signed Kid up for a library card six months ago so they can’t do anything. ‘First come, first served’ isn’t necessarily a terrible policy, but if you are going to go with that, make sure everyone on your staff knows and can be forthright with parents about how things work.

#119: Modernize your subject headings

You have probably heard about how the Library of Congress still uses subject headings like “Illegal Aliens” for undocumented immigrants and “Sexual minorities” for LGBTQ+ people. If your library gets its bib records from an external source rather than doing in-house original cataloging, which is almost certainly the case, these subject headings and other problematic ones probably appear in your public catalog. Consider doing a project to identify these subject headings and update them to something modern and appropriate. If you’re not familiar with this issue, the American Historical Association has an article which I thought was a good starting point: https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/march-2022/search-terms-up-for-debate-the-politics-and-purpose-of-library-subject-headings

#118: Support notifications in languages other than English

Most modern integrated library systems and patron notification management systems are able to track a patron’s preference about what language they would like to receive notices in. Email and text notices are usually built of modular strings of text. Your ILS or notification system may not provide strings in languages other than English, but it probably does provide a place for you to submit them. See if you can invest in a one-time set of translations that will serve your patrons for years to come. If you need technical assistance, your ILS vendor can probably help you.

#117: Create a social story

Consider creating a social story for your library. A social story shows step-by-step what a visitor will experience when they visit. They are helpful for some people on the autism spectrum who may be better able to cope with sensory overload at the library if they know specifically what to expect, and who may need to be explicitly told what to do in an unfamiliar situation.

#116: Take care of your "handicapped" bathroom stall

The larger size of handicap-accessible bathroom stalls makes them attractive targets for the kinds of bad behavior that are common in public library bathrooms, meaning they are more likely than the rest of the bathroom to get into an unusable condition. It can be tempting to slap an out-of-order sign on and figure ‘people can just use the other ones until the custodian comes tomorrow.’ That may work for a lone adult with no physical disabilities, but it won’t work for a patron in a wheelchair or a patron with two small children who needs to keep them in sight. Make the call to get these stalls in usable condition, and point out that it’s an accessibility issue if whoever is responsible for maintaining your bathrooms pushes back.

#114: Get tech at the right height

If you are purchasing a new technology that has a screen or keyboard that patrons need to interact with, put it the right height from the floor. The ADA requires the ‘operable parts’ of an interactive device to be between 15” and 48” from the floor. This includes everything from self-check touchscreens to the string hanging off the bottom of your projector screen. Here’s a federal government page with more information: https://www.access-board.gov/ada/guides/chapter-3-operable-parts/

#113: Ask for a family name

Since many languages structure people’s names different than the English [personal name] [extra name] [family name] format, watch for this when registering patrons for library cards. Your application, if you have one, might be better asking for “personal name” and “family name” instead of “first name” and “last name.” As much as possible, incorporate this in your ILS, so that notifications aren’t going out to “Mr. Min Su” while informal staff members are saying, “Hi, Kim!” when Kim Min Su comes in. Mr Kim’s American ID may have Kim listed as his “first” name and “Min” or “Min Su” listed as his last name, but in Korean the family name comes before the personal name.

#112: Wait for a reply

If you’ve ever tried to talk to someone in a second language, you’ve probably had the experience of having to think of exactly what you want to say, word for word, before you can say it. If you are talking to a patron who you suspect speaks English as a second language, wait a while for them to formulate a reply to something you’ve said before jumping into repeat or rephrase your statement or question. Rephrasing can be helpful if the person wasn’t able to parse what you said, but it’s a distraction and confusion if they understood it, but are still working on their reply.

#111: If you do a survey, don't set it up to let you off the hook

If your library surveys patrons on the effectiveness or the accessibility of library services, be thoughtful about where you offer the survey. If you’re only offering a paper survey inside the library, you are only capturing patrons who have made it in. If you only offer it at service desks, you’re only capturing patrons who are comfortable enough to come up and talk to a staff member. If you offer it online via the library website, you’re again missing non-users. Consider taking your survey outside a grocery store or laundromat and talking to patrons who don’t use the library about what would help them use it.

Guest post: Law library

This month’s post is an interview with a reference librarian at a private university’s law school. I am always looking for more perspectives and would love to interview you if you are interested. Please get in touch via https://www.libraryaccessibility.net/submit

Q: Could you tell me a little bit about your library? Who it serves, the role it plays in the school, and so forth?

A: I work at the law library of a private university. Our primary patrons are students and faculty. We also serve the local bar (attorneys), and are open to the public, though we don’t welcome them. Our library provides a place for students to study, together in study rooms or alone at their study carrels. We have a reasonably sized collection. We get one textbook for each class, or two copies for the largest classes. 

Q: What are the biggest accessibility challenges you think your library has?

A: Some members of the public who find their way into the library appear to be mentally ill or intoxicated, and we have had no training on how to deal with them. 

The library’s aisles between shelves aren’t wide enough for a wheelchair. We haven’t had a patron in a wheelchair trying to use the shelves. If it comes up, we can pull books, but we can’t offer the patron shelf-browsing.

We’ve had a couple of public patrons bring untrained dogs in and claim they were “service” dogs. As you know, we can only ask what the dog is trained to do. Fortunately the ADA guidelines allow us to tell owners to take their dogs out if the dog is disruptive, and both of these dogs were (one barked repeatedly, the other jumped on people). 

Also, the photocopiers/scanners would be very hard for someone in a wheelchair to operate. If the issue arose, we’d have to scan or copy the materials for the patron.

Q: As a public librarian, I definitely see lots of patrons who are mentally ill and/or intoxicated. Training would certainly help, but in my experience what helps a lot more is having clear policies in place about what behaviors are and are not acceptable in the library. To some extent, you can learn how to communicate effectively with people who are mentally ill, but if you don’t know WHAT to communicate to them, it doesn’t do you all that much good. Do you think the staff at your library is on the same page about what to expect of these patrons and where to draw the line on how much help to give them, when you need to ask them to leave, etc.?

A: Our staff is down to four people, one of whom avoids interacting with the public as much as possible. She fears conflict and would not be capable of asking someone to leave. Also, I think two of us would give a non-student, non-lawyer patron more help than the library director would. So no, we’re not on the same page.

Q: Ugh, that sounds like a problem for many reasons. You also mentioned the aisles not being wheelchair-accessible. I’ve looked this up before and been told that a staff member pulling requested items is considered a reasonable substitute for physical access to the stacks under the Americans with Disabilities Act. This is a good example of the fact that you can’t just rely on being ADA-compliant when you are evaluating your physical space for accessibility. The standards aren’t as high as we often imagine them to be. Do you know if your library has considered moving the shelving to make the aisles wider?

A: No, there has been no discussion of this except for my bringing it up at a staff meeting once.

Q: Ah, yes. This is a favorite way of ‘addressing’ problems at multiple libraries where I’ve worked. On a more positive note, what are some strategies you use to make your library more accessible/what are some things you think your library does well in terms of accessibility?

A: Fortunately, students with disabilities get help from the university, so we get very few requests for accessibility accommodations. We do let students with physical disabilities exit from the back door, which is closer to the parking set aside for them. 

Q: How do you determine who that is as far as who uses the back exit? Do students need to be on some kind of list, or do you just make it known that if you need to go straight to the parking area because you have a disability, this is where you go?

A: This accommodation has been on an ad hoc basis. In some cases, the students have requested it; in others, we have offered it to students with mobility problems.

Something [else] we do well is hire good, friendly students to work the circulation desk, and one of my coworkers trains them to greet people as they enter the library. They help students figure out how to scan and copy items. 

Q: As a public librarian, I sometimes feel envious of academic and K-12 librarians, because in theory you all have more access to information about your patrons that could help with accessibility issues and, theoretically, allies within your institution. For example, K-12 students with disabilities have Individual Education Plans, and most universities have some kind of Office of Disability. In practice, does your library have any kind of relationship with the parts of the school that have that information and expertise? Is it actually shared?

A: Our students get help directly from the disability office, but the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) restricts what information can be shared about students, and like most schools, our administration is probably over-cautious in sharing information. 

We had an unusual situation last fall where the school admitted a student who appeared to have learning and memory problems. Almost everyone who worked at the library ended up helping the student repeatedly in the computer labs. The student had a lot of trouble remembering various passwords to our computer network, various databases, and our online classroom platforms. I advocated for us to set aside a computer in the lab that would be usable only by this student, so that we could save all the passwords. I think this would have helped the student (and us) a lot. But the disability office said the request for the accommodation had to come from the student (and the form for the request was online). Since we weren’t allowed to know that the student had a disability, we weren’t allowed to suggest that accommodation. The student ended up withdrawing from the school (which would have happened with or without accommodations, but we ended up spending a lot of time in the lab, away from the service desks, before it happened).

Q: I'm really sorry to hear that! What a frustrating situation, and a frankly depressing response from the people who were supposed to help that student! Do you know if it would have been possible for the library to go ahead and set aside that computer without involving the disability office, or would that have violated some kind of policy?

A: I talked to someone in the IT department about just doing it, but he said he wouldn’t do it unless the disability office signed off on it.

Q: Sigh….Well, moving on. Something we often forget about disability/ability is that those are porous categories that people move between over time, and in particular that many people spend the first, say, ¾ of their lives as abled, and then become disabled in some way as they get older. Those people don’t necessarily have the same coping and self-advocacy skills that someone who grows up with a disability often learns, and might not have much self-awareness about their disability, either. I know you work with a lot of faculty members who are older and who might be experiencing that sort of thing. Do you have any advice about working with those patrons?

A: We work with a lot of elderly professors, and some older attorneys who come in. It takes a lot of patience. Law professors have very high self-esteem and feel uncomfortable when they don’t know how to do something. Their self-advocacy skills are just fine, thank you very much, but they have persistent problems with technology.

My advice is: a.) tell them the system or database is confusing and that everyone has problems with it; b.) refer to the challenge in question as “techie stuff” or “hoops to jump through” and c.) try to get systems set up so that they don’t have to do very much. I also like to get my hands on their computer rather than try to tell them what to do with it. As for giving support by phone, it’s nearly impossible. I will go to their offices even if they resist and want their problem fixed over the phone. 

I had a retired professor ask for help with a database password. He had forgotten it, so I was walking him through changing it using his security question. The question was “what town were you born in?” And he had entered that name incorrectly at some point, so even when I entered it correctly, it didn’t work. I learned that this particular vendor couldn’t see the answer -- I called and tried to get them to see his attempt was “close enough” so he could get in. We couldn’t just set up a new account because the vendor permitted only one account for an email address. Eventually I talked the vendor into blowing away his old account and starting from scratch, but that was frustrating. While I was talking to the vendor, the professor kept talking to me about unrelated things. 

Q: This is helpful! It has some good examples of adjusting your level of service based on the patron’s needs. Contacting a vendor for a patron’s individual account sounds really time-consuming. However, I know that academic librarians often support faculty to an extent that is surprising to public librarians like me. I also thought you made a good point that dealing with someone who doesn’t understand their own limitations can be especially frustrating. “Be patient” and “have empathy” are of course good advice, but they are much easier to say than to do, especially with patrons who (it sounds like) don’t have much of an appreciation for or understanding of what you are doing to help them. Is there anything you have found that helps you stick with that advice even when you are frustrated?

A: In the midst of these frustrating interactions, I promise myself that I will vent my frustration to a coworker or friend. Sometimes I also see the funny or absurd side of it (for example, the professor who initially misspelled his security answer (thereby locking in a wrong answer), even though it was the name of the town where he was born). I think it’s also helpful to be older; I’ve learned to let little things go more easily than I used to.

#110: Have headphone flexibility (etc.)

Many libraries have their technology configured to minimize how much sound it produces, and to be locked down to the specific software programs needed for how we think the machine will be used. This makes sense in general, but remember that not everyone will be able to use your technology the same way. Either your configurations should accommodate that or staff should have the power to override those configurations when necessary. For example, if you have a print release station, it should have an audio jack so that someone who needs the screen read to them can plug in and listen. It should also allow patrons to access the accessibility tools built into the operating system, even if access to other programs is disabled.

#109: Captions vs. ASL

If you were watching something in a language you didn’t understand well (and cared more about understanding than about the art of it), would you prefer a dub in your own language or written captions in the language of the performance? Probably the former, right? While captions are certainly helpful to people who are hard of hearing or D/deaf, those captions are in the second language (English) of people who grew up speaking ASL. If you can make it happen, live ASL interpretation provides a translation into the first language of many D/deaf patrons.